Structure and means for forming the same.



J. E. MAOKAY. STRUCTURE AND MEANS FOR FORMING THB SAME.

Prummel 211.41511 AUG. 1o, 190s. f 3995394159 y' e Patented Feb. 18,\1\913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1`.

J. E. MAOKAY. STRUCTURE AND MEANS PoR PQRMING THB SAME.

APPLIO-ATION PILEDvAUG. 10, 1908.

1 ,.0534]- 5n Patented Feb. 18, 191.3.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

YMM% Aff "f4.5 f

JOSEPH E. T/IACKAY, OF LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA.

STRUCTURE AND MEANS FOP. FORMING THE SAME.

roma-iii.

Specification of Letters Patent.l

)Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

Application filed August 10, 1908. Serial No. 447.906.

Be it known that l. .losnrn E. ItiaCKAY. a citizen ot' the llnited States ot America. residing in Los '-tngeles, in the County of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful improvements in Structures and Means for Forming the Haine. ot' whirh the-following ia a speeieation.

This invention relates to building or architectural structures and particularly to means t'or forming a oinpo. ite structure with concrete or similar blocks secured to studding.

The niain object ot the present invention is to provide means for seeuring such blocks tothe studding;l in an etiicient and economical manner,

A. further object of they invention to provide means for bracing the Walls of s eh a structure.

The laccompanying drawings illustrate an embodiment o1 the invention and form a part of the specification.

Figure l is a broken elevation of the side ot a building partly built in accordance with my inventitm. Fig. is a perspective view looking at the inner .side oi one fornrof bloei; used in constructing the saine. Fig. il is a transverse7 horizontal. .sectional view of a portion of said wall. Fig. l isa transverse, horizontal, sectional view of a dit'- i'erent forni of the wall. Fig. 5 is a perspective view looking at the inner side of the forni of block ,used in building the Wall shown in Fig. 4e. Fig. 3 a transverse, horizontal, sectional vien' of a Wall showingthe studding reinforced by channel irona. Fig. is a transverse, horizontal, sectional view of a portion of a wall showing the studding torined i'roni a hollovv metal structure. F'ifj.

'S is a transvta'se. vertical, set'tional view of .said \v'all taken on the line .'L";r of Fig. 7. Figs. i) and i0 are transverfse, horizontal,` sectional siens o3 walls having vertically arrangt-d 'l' irons for studding. Fig. l14 is a brokenelemtion ot theetiuetnre shown in Fig. il. Fig. 'l2 is a transverse, l'iorizontal7 "sectional view of a *wall showing differently 'toi-ined blocks and the means for securing thein in position. 'Fig'. 13 is a transverse, horizontal. sectional view of a wall in 1which the stndding is tortue-d vfrom reinforced ooncrete. Fig. 'lf'L is a similar view in which the studding is 'Formed from hollow tubular membersA showing a different method of securing the building blocks thereto and also braces between the .studdinfh Fig. 15 is a broken side elevation oi5 one of saidv studding n'ith a, ln'aiL-e shown in seetion. Fig. 16 is a perspective vien' of one of said braces.

Fig. 17 shows' a portion of the Wall of Fig.

i4 with the .studding filled with concrete.

Referring more particularly to the draW- ings whit'h alle ,tor illustrative purposes only and. therefore. are not drawn to any particular scale, 1 indicates theavall of a build- `ing which may be ot' any desired contour or outline and is formed from blocks Q which are secured to the vertically arranged studding 3. As shown in Fig. 3 of the draW- ings the wall is toi-med or provided upon its inner face with the usual plastering or coating 4 secured to the lathing or support 5. The outer wall or facing which is formed from the blocks of material hereinafter to be more particularly described is located `at such a distance from .the inner portion of the wall to leave dead air spaces 6 which preferably extend from the bottom to the top of the Wall.

The preferred forni of .building block 2 as shown in Figs. :2 and comprises a slab-like structure of any desired dimensions as to length, breadth and thickness. and ia preferably provided along earh oftivo of its edges with a reress T which thereby forms a flange S upon each of said edges. Embedded in the block which is preferably-forined from cement in the usual manner and fiush With.

the inner tare' of the flange S is a seriesl of body wires 10 which extend from one recessed edge to the other as shown more particularly in Fig. '2. and each rod or wire is long enough to projeet inwardly a suitable distance beyond 'the edges of the'bloek as shown at. 11. The wires 1,0 are preferably located in the block substantially even wit-l1 the bottoni ot the reeesses T so that their projecting ends will normally extend pasty the flanges F the desired distanfe and are adapted to be bent up at an anglel to the plane of the block so as to rest against or stand adjacent to one of the walls of the recess in position for having its `projecting portion engage With'the sledding. as by being twisted vtogether around it as'ishovvn at 12 in Fig.Y

3, er be secured thereto.4 as by pins or staples 13. of the wires 10 areinterconnected or bound together by crossed diagonally arranged strands` ot' wire 1i which are 'secured to said The intermediate or elnljiedded portions.

`Wires 10,'as by being coiled around thc saine as shown at providing a`-wire cloth ref inforcement for the block. The Width of the-flanges 8 may be of any desired thickness, but the length or projecting portion of 1t is preferably substantially half the Width gainst the studding the adjacent flanges of he blocks upon opposite sides of the studdiiig will abut against each other or be so close to each other as to presente smooth and substantially unbroken surfacens shown inFigs. 1 and 3. The thickness of the build ing block is such that When the block is set int-o position with its flanges engaging with the outer` surface of the" stiidding its inner face will be at a suiicient distance from the inner facing or wall as tol form a. dead air space therebetween. dejan additional means for securingv the block. against Ithe studdin'g ja rod or bar 16 is preferably Secured to the studding, ,as by forming perforations 1'? therein through which the bars 1G can be threaded. The perforations 1'? and the rods lare so related relatively to theouter face of the studding that when the blocks 2, es shown more particularly in Fig. 5, are placed in position ,againsty the stndding the bars 16 willfbe seated in rod-grooves yor recesses 18 formed upon the inner face of the blocks 17. Additional fastening inea'ns, as Wires 19, are embedded inv the blocks, coiled around their-respective body Wires 10 and project. from the inner'face of the block adjacent to the sides of the grooves or channels 18 so as to have their `ends twisted around the rod 16 as shown at 20. In'this forni the projecting ends 21 of the body Wires einbedded in the block are bent` up against one of thewalls of the recess formed in each edge of the block and are secured to or connected with the siiidding in the saine manner as heretofore described.'

1n Fig. 6 the studding is shown as being partially inclosed oriiicascd in the strips of channel iron 22 which are adapted to have 'the' outer and inner faces of the Wall secured to or connected therewith in the saine manner as heretofore described for the other forms of studding. The projecting ends of the retaining Wires are secured to the studding by the pins or staples 13 which are driven into the studding between the adjacent edges of the channel irons 22.

in Figs. 7 and 8 a studding is shown as being formed from vertically arranged channel iro-ns and diagonally arranged braces il which are securcd'to the flanges thereof in the lWell-known manner of riveting, thereby forming ay very light but strong and durable. hollow studding'. In this form the ends of the retaining wires of the building blrclcs are preferably passed through perforation Q5 in the flanges of the inner iron .of pins or staples 39.

and secured in any manner, as by being twisted together as shown at 2G. rlfhe inner wall or facing is secured to said inner channeliron in any suitable manner, as by means of fasteners 27 projecting through perfora` tions 28.

' ln the forms of wall shown in. Figs. 9, 10 andll the stiidding is formed froin Tbeains 29. ln this structure, which is preferably used for low structures, as shops, Sac., Where a thick, heavy wall is not necessary, the heads of the beams are preferably placed inward either substantially even or liu-sh with the inner face of the Wall as shoiyn in Fig. 9, or at a greater or less depth from the same es shown :it 30 in Fig. 10. In this form of iiall each of the building blocks is provided with two'recesses 31 and 32 upon its inner edge, one of which is for the reception of the rib of the beam, and the other for one side or portion of the head or main portion,

the recess being deeper in lthe form shown in Fig. 10 than it is in Fig. ,9 for the purpose-of forming the recess 80 the wall, said recess 80 bein.1 preferably ilcd by ceiiient orother siiita 'le material als shown at 33 in Fig. 10. -rlhis structure `also` necessi tates the bendin of the retaining Wires at a distance from t e 'recesses 31 ande causing them to project from the bottoni ofthe rccess 32 in position for being passed. through the perforations 3% in the head or'tiat portion of the beams and secured in posit-ion, as by twisting their endsy together as shown at 35.

ln the forni of Wall shown in Fig. 12 the blocks 3G are formed Without the recesses or flanges at the edges, and the retaining Wires project. therefrom at a suit-able distance from the outer surface. Sonie of the Wires are bent up againstthe edge-of the block as shown at 37 similar to the flanged blocks as heretofore "described, and are se'- cured to the studding in the saine manner, and the other. Wires extend in'i a straight line across the face of the stiiddiiig as shown at 38and arev secured thereto, as by means After the Wall has been completed in this manner the space between the blocks at. the outer face of the studding is filled in any suitable manner, as by concrete L10 similar lto the filling 33 shown in Fig. 10.

'In the forni of structure shown in Fig. .13 the studding 41 is formed from concrete and the ends of the `retaining Wires are preferably extended to the inner sides thereof and twisted together as shown at 4Q.

in the manner heretofore described.

`In the structure shown in Fig. 14 the stiidding is of -tiibiilar forni with perforations 43 made in its `Walls through which a rod or pin 411 is passed with its ends projecting far enough beyond the walls of the studding for the engagement therewith ot' the ends ot' the retaining wires, as by wrapping them around the saine as shown at 45. In this torni horixontal braces :lh are provided tor adding greater strength and rigidity to the. wall in its own plane. These braces are each preferably trough shaped in cross section and provided at each end -with wings -lT which are bent laterally for engagingwith the inner side ot the studding after the end of theb ace hasbeen project,- ed through a i'iert'oration 4-8 in the side ot the stuf'lding. The perforation is substantially T shaped with the width across the stein or narrow' portioironly wide enough to tit the end ot the brace so that after the `wings ha re been passed through the top or wider portion and dropped down a shoulder 49 formed by cutting away the bottoni ot' the brace will engage with the studding on the outside ot its Wall or side and the wings will engage with the inside, thereby niaking a Very strong and rigid construction. Yhen desired, the. stndding can be filled' with cement after the braces have been placed inV position which willfurther add to the strength and rigidity ot the parts an'd will also lock the braces against,removal.

ln constructing a huildingas above described, the `traine work is tirst erect-ed, or so much of .it as may be necessary to hold the studding in its desired position. A singie layer of individual blocks is then placed upon the outside ot the studding with the blocks set upon edge and secured to each other and to the studding by nieans ot inortar or cement in the/usual nianner, and the ends of the retaining wires are then secured to the studding by any of the means abovey set forth. After the traine worltr and outer wall oi? the structure have been completed in this manner the inner Facing or wall is applied to or secured upon the inner faces ot the studding in any desired manner. .ln this manner a very cheap, strong and durable structure is quickly secured which is provided with dead air spaces extending troni the bottoni to the top ol the wall, which lwill contribute to the conrtort of the occupants ot the building, as will be well understood, by securing a warmer building in cool weather and a cooler building in wai-ni weather.

rl`he llloclts t'roin which the building is constructed can be readihy molded or pressed into the desired shape in any suitable inanncr with the retaining wires and reinforcing material embedded therein during the proeess of Such formation, and by providing such strong secniing nieans i'or attaching them to the stu'dding only one thickness ot block is required,l as all that is necessary is to placethe hloclts upon edge between the studding and rigidly hold them in that 3osition by means ot the projecting retaining wires. The mortar ot' concrete which is placed between the edges ot the blocks and also between thcrn and the'studding will thcrehjtv t'orni a substantially continuous wall with \'e1'tic,f\ll \I arranged recessesI upon its inner vtace within which the studding is located. llach stud set or arranged with its thicker or stronger portions set transversely to/the wall so as to keep the wall t'roni bulging outward. the iat sides co-acting with the shoulders or sides of the recesses in theinner face otE the wall to hohl the blocks against moving within the plane ot the wall.

5y the terni studding I wish it to be understood that lk use it in its broadest sense as including joists or other Vtraining of a building to which niy invention is applicable-- studs or joists collectively.

fllaving described iny invention, I claim: 1. A building block formed with recessed edges adapted to be secured between the.

sides ot Studding and providing ianges adapted to lap the studding and having wires embedded in the bodyY thereof and extending therethrough 'troni edge to edge and through the edges and bent inwardly in the recessed edges in Jfront of the tlanges, lapping the edges and projecting beyond the inner face of the body and adapted to be secured to the sides ot studding and diagonally arranged wires crossed and coiled around the body wires at their meeting points and extending to the edges of the block.

2. A building block constructed with studding recesses in the opposite edges thereof adapted to receive the studding and providingl tianges adapted to overlap the studding, and with wires embedded in thebody thereof and extending` therethrough from edge to edge and through the edges in front of the inner vfaces of the flanges and bent inwardly, lapping the edges, and projecting beyond the inner tace of the body and adapted to be secured to the sidesvof studding and diagonally arranged wires crossed and coiled around the body wires at their meeting points and extending to the edges ot thestndding,- and diagonally arranged wires crossed and coiled around the body wires at 'their meeting points and extending to 'the edges ofthe block.

beyond and bent inwardly and projecting beyond the inner face of therbody and adept ed to-secure the studding against the edges of the body, and constructed with rodgrooves in the inner 'face of the body in front of the body `vires and transverse wires se cured to the body wires and hsving their ends extending across the rod-grooves and 7 beyondthe inner face of the body.

f6. A Structure comprising studding and building blocks loceted'between the studding, erich block formed with recessed edges Aproviding anges lapping the stndding and 'having Wires embedded inthe body thereof and extending therethroi'igh from edge to edge andthrough the-edges and bentvin- Wardy in the .recessed edges in front of the 'enges7 lapping the edges, and projecting beyond the inner face of the body between 'the edges thereof and the studding and sev oured to the sides of the studding and diagonelly arranged wires crossed and coiled around the body Wires at their meeting points and extending to the edges of the block.'

"52 A structure comprisingstuddng hsvr ing transverse perforstions and budding blocks 'ioczured between the studding each block having wires embedded in the body thereof and extending therethrough and constructed with rodgrooves in the inner fece of the body in 'front ofthe body Wires, transverse Wires secured to the body wires und having their ends extending across the rod-grooves and beyond the inner face of tlebody and rods threaded through the transverse perorntionsof the studdxng oecopying the rod-grooves and secured by the transverse wires.

8,- A structure comprising studding hnvi bocss located between the studdrng `each hock hnvlng wires embedded in the body thereof and extending therethrough. -rorn transverse pertorstions and building odge to edge :ind tnerebeyond and bent in- Wnrdy end projecting beyond the inner face of the body between the edges thereof and. the stndding and secured to the studding und constructed with rod-grooves in the in;- neiL face of the body in front of the body wires, transverse wires sceuredto the body Wires and having their ends extenda across the troughs und beyond the inner "aces othe body and rods threaded through the' transverse perforstons of the studding oc cui ying the rod-grooves and seouredby the' transverse wires. v

In testimony whereof, have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, Californie, thisjl dey of July 1908. l

' JUE-)EPH El; MACKAY.

n presence o- FRANK L. A.. GRAHAM; 

